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maize

Policies, practices and crops to mitigate droughts are crucial in the face of climate change

drought tolerant maize

by Lisen Stenberg and Sonja Vermeulen

The Department for International Development of the UK (DFID) has just won a prize for “Best Technological Breakthrough” at London’s Climate Week, for their support of a project aimed at developing drought-tolerant maize in Africa.  The innovation is the result of research by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), one of the CGIAR research centers. The new crop varieties are designed to resist climate change-induced water shortages, and they already being used by 2 million smallholder farmers in 13 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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La capacité des variétés : les systèmes semenciers au cœur des futurs climats

Divers variétés de semences de maïs seront essentiels pour l'adaptation.  Xochiq

Un des paradoxes du changement climatique réside dans le fait que tandis que le tiers de la superficie totale en terres vivra certainement sous des climats nouveaux, le climat mondial en général sera probablement plus homogène (PDF). Par conséquent, il est nécessaire d’accélérer à la fois les expériences (pour l’innovation) et les échanges entre des environnements éloignés mais bénéficiant de conditions similaires) afin d’aider nos variétés de cultures, bétail et poissons à s’adapter.

Les petits agriculteurs sont désireux d’expérimenter de nouvelles variétés et ils en cultivent souvent plusieurs d’une même espèce. Pourtant, alors que les « variétés améliorées » sont devenues largement populaires, de nombreux cultivateurs préfèrent planter des variétés autochtones, conservées dans leurs propres fermes ou échangées avec des voisins. La principale préoccupation est donc de savoir si ces systèmes semenciers très localisés ont une portée génétique et géographique suffisamment grande pour subsister au sein des climats agricoles en mutation. Read more »

Strength through variety? Seed systems in future climates

Improved varieties, such as these maize seeds, can help farmers adapt to changin

One paradox of climate change is that while as much as a third of global land surface might experience entirely novel climates, overall the world’s climate is likely to be more homogenous (PDF).  The implication is that we need to accelerate both experimentation (for novelty) and exchange (across distant but similar environments) to help our crop, livestock and fish varieties adapt.   

Small-scale farmers are very willing to experiment with new varieties, and often grow more than one variety of the same crop.  But while “improved varieties” have become widely popular, many farmers still prefer to plant local landraces, conserved on their own farms or exchanged with neighbours.  A major concern, then, is whether these highly localised seed systems have sufficient genetic and geographic scope to keep up with changing agricultural climates.  Read more »

Mining the past to manage the future

A farmer in a maize field in Nyagatare, in Rwanda's Eastern Province. Pic by Nei

Past performance is not a perfect guide to future performance, but it is the only guide we have.  It follows that scientific understanding of how agriculture will respond to future climates benefits tremendously from more precise information about past responses.  An inspiring example is the paper Nonlinear heat effects on African maize as evidenced by historical yield trials, by David Lobell, Marianne Bänziger, Cosmos Magorokosho and Bindiganavile Vivek, published in the inaugural issue of Nature Climate Change. Read more »

Fouillant dans le passé pour mieux gérer l'avenir

Un chercheur de maïs. Photo: N. Palmer (CIAT).

Les performances passées ne sont pas un indicateur parfait des performances futures or c’est le seul dont nous disposons. Ainsi, la compréhension scientifique de la façon dont l'agriculture répondra aux climats futurs se bénéficie énormément d'informations plus précises sur les réponses du passée. Un exemple inspirateur est l’article Nonlinear heat effects on African maize as evidenced by historical yield trials, de David Lobell, Marianne Bänziger, Cosmos Magorokosho et Bindiganavile Vivek, publié dans le numéro inaugural de Nature Climate Change. Read more »

Untapped data reveals climate impacts on African corn

An experimental maize field managed by CIMMYT in Kiboko, Kenya. Photo by David L

There may already be data showing that a changing climate is adversely impacting key crops. That's what Stanford agricultural scientist David Lobell and his colleagues at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) discovered when they looked at "a hidden trove" of crop yield data from corn trials in Africa. They found that a temperature rise of a single degree Celsius would cause yield losses for 65 percent of the present maize-growing region in Africa – provided the crops received the optimal amount of rainfall. Under drought conditions, the entire maize-growing region would suffer yield losses, with more than 75 percent of areas predicted to decline by at least 20 percent for 1 degree Celsius of warming. Read more »

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