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Abstract This chapter focuses on the evaluation of adaptive capacities of
community-level human systems related to agriculture and food security. It highlights
findings regarding approaches and domains to monitor and evaluate behavioral
changes from CGIAR’s research program on climate change, agriculture and
food security (CCAFS). This program, implemented in five West African countries,
is intended to enhance adaptive capacities in agriculture management of natural
resources and food systems. In support of participatory action research on climatesmart
agriculture, a monitoring and evaluation plan was designed with the participation
of all stakeholders to track changes in behavior of the participating community
members. Individuals’ and groups’ stories of changes were collected using
most significant change tools. The collected stories of changes were substantiated
through field visits and triangulation techniques. Frequencies of the occurrence of
characteristics of behavioral changes in the stories were estimated. The results show
that smallholder farmers in the intervention areas adopted various characteristics of